Finance

When people start learning how companies work in India, one of the first questions that comes up is very basic. How many directors does a company actually need? You may see a small startup with just two founders acting as directors. On the other hand, a large listed company may have a board with ten or more members. Indian company law sets certain basic rules about the … [Read more...] about Minimum and Maximum Number of Directors in an Indian Company (A Simple Guide for Beginners)

When most people think about companies, they usually think about products, profits, and market growth. But modern companies are also expected to contribute positively to society. In India, certain companies are required to spend part of their profits on social development activities such as education, healthcare, environmental protection, or community support. To plan and … [Read more...] about CSR Committee Explained: How Companies Plan Corporate Social Responsibility in India

Whether approving financial statements, discussing company strategy, or reviewing key policies, many important decisions are made in board meetings—it’s where a company’s most critical decisions take place. However, for many beginners, the rules around board meetings can seem confusing. The Companies Act, 2013 and related rules lay down several procedures that companies … [Read more...] about Board Meetings Under Companies Act 2013 Explained for Beginners

In corporate governance, it is not enough to simply discuss decisions in a meeting. The company must carefully record what happened, document approvals, and maintain official records. In this guide, we will walk through how companies record board decisions, what resolutions are, how committees work, and how modern companies conduct meetings using video conferencing. Why … [Read more...] about Board Meeting Minutes, Resolutions and Virtual Meetings Explained for Beginners

If you have ever looked at a company's annual report, you might have felt a little overwhelmed. Pages of numbers, long disclosures, board reports, governance sections — it can look like something meant only for accountants. But in reality, an annual report under the Companies Act 2013 is simply a document that explains how a company performed during the year and how it was … [Read more...] about Annual Report Under Companies Act 2013: A Simple Guide for Beginners in India

When a company finishes its financial year, it does more than just prepare profit and loss statements. The Board of Directors must also explain what actually happened during the year. This explanation comes in the form of the Board’s Report under the Companies Act 2013. Think of it as a letter from the company’s leadership to its shareholders. It tells you how the company … [Read more...] about Board’s Report Under Companies Act 2013: A Simple Guide for Beginners