Finance

Imagine a company preparing for its Annual General Meeting (AGM). Shareholders will attend, financial results will be discussed, and important decisions may be approved. Behind the scenes, one professional quietly ensures that everything happens according to the Companies Act, 2013 and regulatory rules. That person is the Company Secretary (CS). In simple terms, the … [Read more...] about Duties of a Company Secretary Before, During and After a General Meeting (Simple Guide)

When someone becomes a director of a company, the position carries authority, responsibility, and trust. Directors guide the company’s strategy, supervise management, and represent the company in many important decisions. But what happens when a director fails to meet legal requirements, acts improperly, or simply decides to step down? The Companies Act, 2013 provides … [Read more...] about Disqualification, Resignation and Removal of Directors in India: Companies Act 2013

Imagine a company that starts with the required number of members but, over time, some members leave or pass away. The company continues running, but the number of members falls below the legal minimum. Under Section 3A of the Companies Act, 2013, if a company continues business with fewer members than legally required for a long period, the remaining members may become … [Read more...] about Liability When Company Members Fall Below Minimum in India: Section 3A Explained

If you ever sit in a company’s general meeting, you will notice that many decisions are not taken casually. They are formally voted on and approved by members. In company law, these decisions are called resolutions. Under the Companies Act, 2013, companies mainly use two types of resolutions: Ordinary Resolution and Special Resolution. At first, the difference may sound … [Read more...] about Ordinary vs Special Resolution in Companies Act 2013: Simple Guide for Beginners

When a company sends important papers like meeting notices, shareholder communications, or official filings, the law requires them to follow certain proper methods. In India, these rules are explained in Section 20 of the Companies Act, 2013, along with Rule 35 of the Companies (Incorporation) Rules, 2014. Many beginners studying company law often wonder: How exactly are … [Read more...] about Service of Documents Under Section 20 of the Companies Act, 2013 – A Simple Guide for Beginners

Imagine you are a shareholder in a company. One day you receive a message saying a meeting will happen tomorrow. Naturally, you would wonder: Was I informed properly? Is this meeting even valid? This is exactly why the Companies Act, 2013 has clear rules about how companies must inform members about meetings. These rules are covered under Section 101 — Notice of General … [Read more...] about Notice of General Meeting (Section 101) Explained Simply for Beginners