Finance

If you look closely at how companies operate in India, you will notice something interesting. Many of their internal rules are not fixed forever. As a company grows, brings new investors, or changes its structure, its internal rules often need to change too. This is where alteration of Articles of Association under Section 14 of the Companies Act, 2013 becomes … [Read more...] about Alteration of Articles of Association (Section 14): Simple Guide for Indian Companies

Sometimes a company is created today even though the real business may start a few years later. This happens quite often in India. A promoter may want to secure land for a future project, protect a business name, or hold intellectual property until the right time arrives. In such situations, the Companies Act, 2013 allows the company to remain legally registered but … [Read more...] about Dormant Company in India: Meaning, Benefits, Compliance & How to Apply (Simple Guide)

If you ask someone what a company director does, the usual answer is something like: “They run the company.” That sounds simple, but in reality, being a director carries serious legal responsibilities. A director is not just a decision-maker. Under the Companies Act, 2013, directors are expected to act responsibly, ethically, and in the best interests of the company and its … [Read more...] about Duties of Directors Under Companies Act 2013: Director Responsibilities, Disclosure of Interest & Register of Directors Explained

When a company runs a business in India, it must show clearly how much money it earned, spent, owned, and owed during the year. This information is presented through something called financial statements. Under the Companies Act, certain rules explain how companies must prepare these financial statements and how they should present them to shareholders. Two important … [Read more...] about Financial Statements and Board’s Report under Companies Act: Simple Guide for Beginners (Section 129 & 134)

If you run a company in India, one responsibility comes every year after the accounts are prepared — submitting the financial statements to the Registrar of Companies (ROC). This requirement comes from Section 137 of the Companies Act, 2013. Many first-time directors and small business founders get confused here. They think preparing accounts is enough. But the law also … [Read more...] about Filing Company Financial Statements with ROC: Section 137  (AOC-4 Guide for Beginners)

When a company is first created in India, it prepares a document called the Memorandum of Association (MOA). This document defines the company’s identity — things like its name, objectives, and registered office. But businesses evolve. A company may want to change its name, move to another state, or modify its business activities. When this happens, the company needs to … [Read more...] about How Can a Company Alter Its Memorandum of Association (MOA): Section 13 of the Companies Act, 2013